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Infiltration Test (Porchet/Double-ring infiltrometer) in Melbourne

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Melbourne’s average annual rainfall of around 650 mm, concentrated in winter, places a premium on accurate infiltration testing for stormwater management and on-site wastewater systems. The city’s underlying geology — a mix of Quaternary alluvium, basalt flows, and Silurian mudstone — creates highly variable permeability across suburbs, from the sandy soils of the Sandbelt to the clay-rich basaltic plains of the west. Conducting a Porchet or double-ring infiltrometer test at the actual project footprint is the only reliable way to capture the site-specific infiltration rate, rather than relying on regional estimates. Before proceeding with soakage pit design or permeable pavement sizing, our team often complements the infiltration test with a calicatas exploratorias to log soil horizons and a permeabilidad de campo for a broader hydraulic conductivity profile across the property.

Illustrative image of Infiltration test (Porchet/Double-ring infiltrometer) in Melbourne
A single infiltration test in Melbourne’s basaltic clay can yield rates 10 times lower than a test 50 m away in sandy alluvium — site-specific data is non-negotiable.

Our service areas

Methodology and scope

In Melbourne’s inner suburbs, where lots are tight and basements common, the double-ring infiltrometer method is preferred over the simpler Porchet test because the outer ring reduces lateral flow errors in layered soils. Our procedure follows AS 4678-2002 for earth-retaining structures and the EPA Victoria’s Code of Practice for Onsite Wastewater Management, which specifies a minimum of three test locations per allotment. Key steps include:
  • Pre-soaking the test area to field saturation for 24 hours prior to measurement
  • Recording water-level drop at 5-minute intervals over a 2-hour period or until a steady-state rate is achieved
  • Applying the Porchet formula for single-ring tests or the Philip infiltration model for double-ring data
We also cross-reference results with a placa de carga when the design includes structural load over infiltration zones, ensuring the soil can support both hydraulic and bearing requirements simultaneously.
Technical reference — Melbourne

Local considerations

Melbourne’s seasonal water table fluctuation — rising up to 2 m after prolonged winter rain — can cause infiltration rates measured in summer to be 3–4 times higher than winter rates. In the basaltic clay plains of the western suburbs (Werribee, Melton), smectite-rich clays swell upon wetting, reducing permeability by an order of magnitude during the wet season. Ignoring this seasonal hysteresis leads to undersized soakage systems that fail within the first year. Our infiltration tests are always conducted at the natural moisture content representative of the wettest month, and we correlate results with soil classification data from limites de Atterberg to identify expansive clays that may require alternative drainage strategies.

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Applicable standards

AS 4678-2002 (Earth-retaining structures — drainage design), EPA Victoria Code of Practice for Onsite Wastewater Management (2016), AS 1289.6.8.1 (Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of Soils in Field Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer), AS/NZS 1547:2012 (On-site domestic wastewater management)

Technical parameters

ParameterTypical value
Test methodPorchet (single-ring) or Double-ring infiltrometer (AS 1289.6.8.1)
Pre-soaking duration24 hours minimum to field saturation
Measurement interval5 minutes for first 30 min, then 10–15 min until steady state
Minimum test points per site3 (EPA Victoria guideline)
Reported parameterSteady-state infiltration rate (mm/h) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (m/s)
Applicable depth0.2–1.5 m below ground level (typical soakage trench depth)
Accuracy±15% for double-ring; ±25% for Porchet in homogeneous soils

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a Porchet test and a double-ring infiltrometer test?

The Porchet test uses a single ring driven into the soil and measures water level drop over time. It is simpler and cheaper but can overestimate infiltration in layered soils due to lateral flow. The double-ring infiltrometer has an inner and outer ring; the outer ring maintains a constant hydraulic head to force vertical flow in the inner ring, giving a more accurate steady-state infiltration rate for design.

How much does an infiltration test cost in Melbourne?

A standard Porchet test for a residential site typically ranges between AU$480 and AU$740 per test point, including pre-soaking, monitoring, and a brief report. Double-ring tests are slightly higher due to additional equipment and setup time. Volume discounts apply for multi-point or multi-season studies.

Do I need an infiltration test for a permeable pavement driveway in Melbourne?

Yes. Melbourne City Council and most inner-suburban councils require on-site stormwater detention for new driveways exceeding 50 m². A double-ring infiltrometer test at the proposed pavement location is the standard method to confirm the subgrade can achieve the minimum 30 mm/h infiltration rate required by AS/NZS 1547. Without it, the council will likely reject the drainage plan.

Can infiltration tests be done in clay soils common in Melbourne's western suburbs?

Yes, but interpretation requires caution. In basaltic clays (e.g., Werribee, Hoppers Crossing), infiltration rates can drop below 10 mm/h during wet months due to clay swelling. We recommend a seasonal infiltration study with at least two test rounds — one in dry summer and one in wet winter — to design a soakage system that functions year-round.

How long does it take to get results from an infiltration test?

Field testing takes 1–2 days per site (including pre-soaking), and the laboratory report with steady-state rate and design recommendation is typically delivered within 5 business days.

Location and service area

We serve projects across Melbourne.

Location and service area